Paying Collegiate Athletes Essay

A college is an educational institution, where students live together under a common set of rules. A college can be said to be a part of the university, which lack degree-awarding powers. Athletes can be said to be a collection of sport events. These sport events involve running, throwing and jumping, and can also be referred to as track or field athletes (Arlott . J, 1975). Athletics is very important in colleges and universities, where its benefits are undeniable. Anyone who is involved in athletics benefits. Athletics as sports teach the college athletes skills and experiences that cannot be taught in the classroom. These same skills are extremely helpful when students are looking for a career. Students who hold positions in the sport’s clubs acquire leadership skills. In sports students participate as a team. They support each other in order to succeed. They are able to learn and practice teamwork, which will assist them in undertaking other activities in their lives. Participation in a sporting event requires the dedication of the participant. Through sport events, students develop a sense of dedication to what they do. The desire to win drives the students to work very hard. They put aside their time and energy to take part in athletics. They later learn how to create desire for something and work hard to attain it. Collegiate athletics are found in numerous countries of the world. College athletics in the United States have the greatest impact and popularity globally. This is due to a large extent of participation. Due to the great importance and benefits that the college athletics offer, sport events continue to grow. There has been a general progression of athletic organizations over time. In recent years, a debate over payment of college athletes has raised concerns. The debate argues whether college athletes should be paid or not. Athletes do not receive any compensation even after the instatement of the collegiate athletics. There has been pressure for college athletes to be paid. On the other hand, another group of people feel that college athletes should not be paid. There are reasons that support the view against payment of college students. More voices are advocating for payment, with convincing reasons. The reasons that support payment of collegiate athletes will be discussed. Implementation of such a move would greatly benefit all the sports participants in colleges. Discussion College athletes need to be paid. One major reason for this is due to the great economic impact that the college athletics create. For example, in the US, college athletics are said to contribute greatly to the American economy. The colleges spend a huge amount of money on their college organizations. The athletes programs in turn generate a large amount of revenue. For example in the sale of tickets and merchandise it would be very fair therefore for college athletes who are major participants in generating revenues, to get a share of it. The athletes who help colleges make a lot of money do not get even the smallest share of it. Some look at this as students’ exploitation. They argue that if colleges benefit or make profit off of student athletes then the athletes should be paid since they helped the college make a lot of profit. In the world over, people believe that one should be paid for the work. Just like an employer, employees are paid according to their productivity. It would be very correct therefore to pay college athletes for their productivity in the sport events. In addition to profits that colleges earn from the sports or games themselves schools officials make a lot of money by marketing their team players. For example in USA, college students J. J Redick and Adam Morrison Jerseys have been sold all over the country, bringing in a lot of profits to the college. However, Morrison and Redick do not benefit from the profits earned. This is because they need to protect their status ( It’s an observation that college officials have no problem making a lot of money for themselves while exploiting ht well known college players. Well known players have their basketball or football jerseys dominate a market. The team officials make money from the sales, while the athlete himself gets nothing â€Å"millions of dollars are made off of video game and jersey sales every year (Jean. M. 2001 ). The players create great marketing opportunities and do not see any money made from the profits. The quality of play in a game is very critical for a future career. Paying college athletes helps in improving the quality of play they display during the major college sports. These games require skills and experience for a player to play well. Students who join professional sport clubs without experience and skills may end up being put on the bench. This limits their ability to gain required experience. This may be as a result of lack of payment if a student plays in a college team. This may ruin the student’s future sports career. By paying the college athletes, the students are encouraged to play for the college teams for a much longer time. This assists them in acquiring the much needed skills and experience for a future career in sports. Some students are very talented and it only requires practice to perfect their skills. This will also improve the college game because skilled players can remain for much longer. It is considered wrong, for schools to make money off of players, while the players do not benefit at all. When the players are paid, the quality of the college games is improved. This is because it becomes possible to keep borderline professional athletes in the involved colleges. The players can get more money at a professional level due to the already developed skills. Games coaches or officials sometimes demand a lot of time from the players in order to practice. This compromises on the time the players would work or maintain a job. Players who need to support themselves in order to make a living find themselves in a difficult situation. They are ton between participating in the games or working. If the players are paid, they can be able to put aside the required time for practice and participation in the games. It would make it easy for players to become committed in sports while at the same time earning a living. Gaming companies are given the right to use school names and numbers by colleges. The companies use these names and numbers at a fee to the respective college. The players have every right to enjoy money that is made by use of their names and numbers in the college. Players work very hard in sports and games (Athletic Journal. 1987). They commit their time to rain and play at the expense of doing their homework. Though they may balance between the two their fellow classmates who do not participate in games have more time to study than the players. They dedicate their time and energy in ensuring high quality games. Any hardwork and dedication that a person portrays need to be appreciated and recognized. Paying college athletes would fit so well in recognizing the student’s efforts in the growth of the game. In addition, to recognizing their efforts, players require to be motivated in doing their training and playing. Motivation encourages players to be determined even when they lose in a game (Charles. E. 1954). They keep on the faith and hope that there is always room for improving their skills and quality of the game. Motivation is a great ingredient towards success of players. Sometimes players may lose miserably to another team. The players may become discouraged to play since they may seem to believe that there are no benefits in their participation. The sports officials thereby step in to encourage them and train them to rectify former mistakes that they committed in the past matches. The players require more than just words in order to keep working on their skills. The need to motivate college students to work harder and improve their skills boils down to some way of rewarding them. One of the best ways to reward and encourage players would be by paying them. Any game event exposes the players to risks. One of the major risks that players are exposed to is injury. Players when in the pitch are involved in defending their team against losing while at the same time maximizing their chances of winning. This demand some form of aggressiveness to succeed. Aggressiveness means quick movements, tricky play (skills) and effective defense actions. When a player is doing all this, accidents may occur that lead to body injuries. These injuries may require intensive medical attention and may be very expensive to pay for the medical services. For example some players get fractured bones, broken joints and tissue damage. Some may even have their body organs impaired. Medication and healing of such body ailments may be too expensive for the players especially where no medical cover takes care of such accidents. The medical expenses may become an economic burden to the player and family. Paying the players, would therefore play a very big role in easing up of such a burden. It makes it easy for students to get the right medication if injured. Any college trains students on how to acquire skills and knowledge and apply them. Teamwork creates a spirit of working together towards success. This spirit is built by organizations and sport clubs in a college. The sport teams and clubs give the students a spirit to be one to work together and to support each other. A good example is the support students give their own team when playing. There is cheering and encouragement from their fellow students who are spectating. Winning a game gives the college students a spirit of victory or conquering especially if the team wins against a well re-known stronger team. This kind of spirit need to be maintained and encouraged in colleges. Maintaining the quality of game through players in order to keep this spirit burning needs a sacrifice. A sacrifice on the sports organization’s or officials may clearly translate into paying of the players. The spirit lives on. Colleges appreciate and recognize good players during the sports events. College students spend a lot of money on ticket in order to go and watch their own team play as well as showing their solidarity with the team. College athletes encourage community participation. The community that surrounds the college joins students in major sports events and offers their support. The community identifies the college team as belonging to them. Students’ parents come in big numbers to support their children in the sports events (Patricia. A. 2007). The students and the community are able to interact with each other, which creates good relationship between the students and the neighborhood. This promotes harmony and peaceful living in and outside the college. Supporting college athletes consequently results to support of community participation. Paying athletes is the greatest form of support that the players can get. Lack of community participation affects the relationship of students and the community itself. Community participation also encourages community service. The students are able to develop community service programs and later undertake activities that help the community in which they live in for example, cleaning exercises, organizing community programs funds rising and even providing support to disaster victims. This is a great way in which students can show support for the community. As earlier stated, community service will be developed in students, if they have a chance to interact and identify the needs of the community. Interaction through events offers a chance for the students to create a good relationship with the community. One way to encourage community service will be through support of college athletics . Paying the students/players may be just one of the effective ways to support athletics. Sometimes an argument is given that college athletes get scholarships. Therefore they have already been paid for their participation and efforts in games. However, other students benefit from scholarships without necessarily participating in the games. Paying college athletes will be a great way to promote justice in the student fraternity. Players feel that they have a right to be rewarded for their efforts. This may even encourage talented students who are discouraged to participate to change their mind and utilize their talents in athletics. In conclusion, college athletics are very important. These games should be given the seriousness they deserve. The players on the other hand need to be motivated for their hardwork and dedication. They deserve to be rewarded. Exploitation of college players by the officials or companies need to be stopped. All these measures require payment to the players and players will feel that justice is done to them. The spirit of college athletics will continue growing and so the future career of players.

To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay

To Kill A Mocking Bird the character Tactics is a major role model to his children. During the novel Tactics teaches his children many Important values. The main values include: everyone is equal, to put yourself in other peoples shoes, and not to Judge others before you get to know them. Everyone is equal Is a major value that Tactics teaches his children. He wants to teach them that no matter what color, social status or appearance people are people and they should be treated politely and fairly.An example of this Is where Tactics chooses to defend a Negro, he shows his children that although this man Is a Negro (despised by the white community) he Is going to defend him Like any other person. â€Å"If I TLD I couldn't hold my head up In town, I couldn't represent this country In the legislature, I couldn't tell you or Gem not to do something again. † This shows that If Tactics were to refuse to represent Tom, Just because he Is a Negro, he would utterly ashamed of himself. He teaches his children that It Is wrong to treat someone Like badly Just because of their different colored skin. L don't see any harm in letting her go out there. Called look after her there as well as she does here. † This quote shows that Tactics trusts this person. It shows that he considers her as an equal adult and see's her fit to look after his children out of work hours. This sends a hidden message to his children that everyone is equal no matter what status they have. Equality is a big value that Tactics teaches his children and as they grow up they learn this valuable lesson. Understanding others is another important value that Tactics wants to teach his children.He wants them to put themselves in other peoples shoes so they can better understand people and accept them for who they are. An example of this is when Scout starts talking about her first day of school and the topic comes to Miss Caroline â€Å"-until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. †˜ Tactics said that I had learned many things today and Miss Caroline had learned several things herself. She had learned not to hand something to a Cunningham, but if Walter and I had put ourselves in her shoes we'd have seen it was only an honest mistake on her part†¦. By telling Scout this, Tactics is getting his values across to his daughter. Tactics is teaching her to ‘put herself in other people's shoes'. Another example of understanding others is when Mr.. Lowell insults Tactics. â€Å"Gem see if you can stand in bib Ell's shoes for a minute. I destroyed his last shred of credibility at that trial, if he had any to begin with. The man had to have some kind of comeback, his kind always does. So if spitting in my face and threatening me will save Male Lowell one extra beating, that's something I'll gladly take†¦.. Once again Tactics Is teaching his children this Important value. In the end Gem and Scout have a better understanding of people because of their fa thers values. Do not Judge other's before you meet them Is another Important value to Tactics. Tactics wants his children not to Judge people because of gossip. An example of this Is Tom Robinson. Everyone In the town assumed he was guilty straight away, Just because he Is a Negro. â€Å"that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted around our women,†¦You know the truth and the truth is this: some Negroes lie, some is a truth that applies to the human race and not one particular race of men. † This is an important message as it is not only for Gem and Scout but for the whole community. It teaches them not to Judge on the color of skin. It also teaches them that although one may do wrong not all are like that. Another example of Judgment is Boo Raddled. He is portrayed as a evil person through rumors and gossip. As children Gem and Scout are terrified of Boo.They listen to all the gossip and stories and make up a mental picture that he is a horrible person. But as they grow Tactics teaches them not to Judge others before you meet them and they find out that Boo is actually a kind person. â€Å"†¦ Tactics, he was real nice†¦ â€Å"Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them. † It is at this stage that Scout learns this important value and starts understanding others. Tactics eventually teaches his children this extremely important value and it makes them better people.Tactics is an important role model for his children. He teaches them many important values to get them through life. The main focus of Attic's values relates to people and how you consider, understand, and Judge them. He teaches his children all of these values and they soon have a better understanding of people. As an important role model Tactics is partly responsible for their future, and by teaching his children these values he has given them a bright one. Word count: 905

Fermentation of Yeast with Carbohydrates

Cell membranes are a bilayer make up of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. Its main function is to regulate what comes in and out of the cell by means of diffusion, transport proteins and protein channels. Trans membrane proteins transport polar solutes across hydrophobic regions of the bilayer. Diffusion occurs when solutes are transferred from a high concentration of that solute to a lower concentration of solutes.Solutes do not depend on the concentration of other solutes, which allows the cell to take in oxygen while releasing carbon dioxide. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion, which occurs when water is diffused across the membrane. This can be affected by how hydrophilic a solute is on either side of the membrane. The diffusion of glucose, starch, and iodine was observed when the solutes went from a higher concentration of their individual solute to a lower concentration diffusing threw pores in the dialysis bag.The experiment sought to find out which solutes would d iffuse threw the pores of the dialysis bag, whether in or out of the bag. The pores and walls of the dialysis bag acted as a permeable membrane, like the one found in cells, and was the regulator of diffusion for the solutes. Studying the movement of solutes threw the dialysis bag helps better understand diffusion of a cell membrane, and the means and solutes that make a solution isotonic.If the iodine concentration is higher outside the dialysis bag of starch and glucose than in it, iodine along with water will diffuse into the bag while the starch remains in the dialysis bag and some glucose will diffuse out of the dialysis bag. Solution | Solute Concentration (M) | Tonicity (i. e. hypotonic)| Expected mass change (+ or -)| 1| 0. 058 M| Hypertonic| -| 2| 0. 134 M| Hypertonic | -| 3| . 000385 M| Hypotonic | +|

Assesment 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assesment 2 - Coursework Example In a market economy the price system automatically acts as a rationing instrument. With the help of the diagram given above we can easily explain the determination of market price and at the given demand and supply functions and the system will not allow either of the agents to exploit other. The horizontal and vertical axes measure quantity and price respectively. D is the market demand curve showing the one to one correspondence between price and market demand. S is the market supply curve that reflects the producers’ behaviour. S is nothing but the one to one correspondence between market price and supply of it. Equilibrium is achieved at point E where market demand equals market supply. The equilibrium level of price is OP* and quantity is OQ*. Now we consider that producers want to exploit the consumers by charging higher price. What will be the impact$2 Let’s consider that the producer charges new price OP**. At that price level the producers will be willing to supply OQ** amount of output while the consumers are willing to purchase OQd amount of the product. Hence at price OP** the market will face excess demand to the extent AB. This excess demand would cause a downward pressure on price as the producers have the unsold stock in the hand. Price fall would be followed by contraction in supply (movement from B to E) and extension in demand (movement from A to E). This process is continued unless the previous equilibrium is achieved. Here automatic adjustment of price will control the quantity in the market. To answer the aforesaid question we need to know what wealth is. Generally wealth can be defined as something that can generate income or can satisfy human wants. Wealth must be measurable tangible, transferable and scarce in nature. When the goods are produced through the production process it adds to the stock of wealth of the nation. As good is measurable, tangible

Technology in our Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology in our Lives - Essay Example However I still believe that technology has a big impact on our lives nowadays. The newer generations can’t think about living without technology. Ask a teenager what their most prized possessions are and you will come up with answers such as laptop, iPod, digital camera, PlayStation and many more such technological devices that have taken the world by storm and have become a necessary part of many people’s lives. Many of the technological inventions such as cars, airplanes and bullet trains have made transportation easier. Gone are the days when people commonly used horses and camels as modes of transportation. With the invention of modern modes of travel it is possible to reach far off places in a very short time. Most of us use these modes while travelling to work or school. A person travelling on a horse to go to their office is a rare sight now thanks to technology as people prefer faster modes of travel. With technological advancements came the inventions such as television, cell phones, and internet. All these inventions have led to the world becoming a global village. With their help we can communicate over long distances and know what is happening anywhere in the world just by clicking a button. Technology has even led to advancements in medicine. With the help of technology new medicines are being developed that can cure many diseases. As a result many lives can be saved. Electricity is another invention without which we cannot dream to live now. Imagine if there is no electricity the country. There is a total blackout. The world will come to a halt. Most of people’s work requires electricity. Be it as simple as for running the AC or as complex as running a power plant both require electricity to function. I believe that now it is impossible to live without technology. We are so dependent on some of the technology that we use today that it

Planning for Unknowns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Planning for Unknowns - Essay Example In this case where a major hurricane hit the work site, then it is a good case of unknown â€Å"unknowns† which nobody may have foreseen (or complete uncertainty) and the best way to be able to deal with this type of risk is setting up a contingency budget (Futrell, Shafer, & Shafer, 2002, p. 591). So if this contingency fund is available, then the strategy would be different. A contingency reserve budget will allow for greater flexibility. The plan will be to hire additional workers to beef up the manpower and allow continuously working even at nights so as to make up for the lost time of ten days. This allows for project completion on the original due date but there will be cost overruns because of added manpower but the target date will be met. The reserve budget can pay for the additional workers to accomplish more work output and also pay for extended working time by effectively doubling it by working even at night

Economic and financial aspects of business Essay

Economic and financial aspects of business - Essay Example & FESS, P.E., 2005] Environmental accounting: - It shows the role played by natural environment in economy. It provides data which shows contribution of natural resources in economy and costs born by economy due to pollution and other environmental factors. Financial accounting is purely related to the record of daily transactions. In it only those transactions are considered in which money is directly or indirectly involved. It provides information to the present and potential shareholders and stakeholders of a business such as investors, creditors, debtors, suppliers, customers, financial analysts and government agencies, about the financial condition of the business. As it has to serve the information needs of a diversified base of users who have diversified needs, so it presents the financial accounts in a very structured manner and strictly follows certain rules, these rules are called â€Å"Generally Accepted Accounting Principles† or GAAP. Managerial accounting is defined in following words â€Å"The process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information for the pursuit of an organizations goals.†[INVESTOPEDIA] It fulfills the information needs of internal stakeholders of business as managers and employees. It provides useful accounting information to management of organization, to support them in making more educated and informed decisions. It is mostly related with such decisions as continue or shut-down a factory, make or buy decision, drop a product or not etc.. Financial accounting information is generated for the use of external stakeholders of organization such as stockholders, investors, creditors, debtors, suppliers, customers, government agencies, financial analysts and other regulatory bodies. Managerial accounting system generates information for the internal stakeholders of organization especially for management to support them in effective

Plan to Develop a Global Virtual Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plan to Develop a Global Virtual Team - Essay Example Plan to Develop a Global Virtual Team Various factors have led to the rise of virtual teams; in fact, the prime contributing factors are advancement in technology and globalization. At the commencement of a virtual team, there is unexpected bonus, whereby the team’s productivity is increasing, and the productivity of an effective virtual team increases according to the industry and organization. In this case, global virtual teams facilitates garnering of substantial talent from different parts of the world, thus eliminating the expenses incurred on travelling and creating the accessibility of low wage resources. On the other hand, this section of the paper focuses on discussing a plan of developing a virtual team, and these entail three steps. Step 1: Participating in the Selection Process of Virtual Team Members and Leaders Management of talent can help the team leaders in the process of formulating the team through an assessment of employee in contention for membership on a virtual team, in order to determine whether they possess the relevant skills (Ebrahim, Shamsuddin and Taha, 2653). Organizations may expand due to the use of a virtual team, thus evaluating candidate for the skills is relevant in the method of assortment for positioning in the outlook. In this case, forming a virtual team requires professionals to be aware of the skills and competencies that are to be d emonstrated by an assessment of potential virtual leader, in a case whereby they currently possess the skills or they will develop them due to additional training. Step 2: Ensuring Appropriate Selection, Training and application of Virtual Team Technologies Prior to formation of a virtual team, a human resource manager is expected to consider the relevant technologies that are needed to contribute to success. Therefore, the virtual workers may depend on the technologies for facial expression and assessment of nonverbal cues as the fundamental drivers of establishing the trust among the members (Wikibooks, 1). In the process of technology implementation, the team leader is expected to create a chance for the computer system in the organization to use a section of the board, and for the team members to share personal experience. Step 3: Train The virtual team members are expected to have a high level of competence by, thus making the odds that assembles the A-team of the virtual team with members that posses the relevant skills and competencies for effective navigation thought the environment. There are technical experts with the knowledge that is vital for the projects handled by the team and they may possess expansion of the communication skills that are required (Meena and  Kip, 1). On the other hand, there is need to establish an effective communicator with the ability to be a good virtual team leader. Therefore, training is necessary in order to facilitate the success of the virtual team, whereby the HR and the talent manager find it substantial to identify the gaps in skills in a way that ensures training in a way that closes the gaps. Cultural Differences between the Countries that Could impact the Culture and Performance of the Team Cultural differences are adding value and diversity to teams, though in some sections there are problems. Various cultural issues emanate for the global virtual team, whereby there are a bogus perception of similarity, whic h is contradictory insight of teamwork. For instance, South Korea has a position on the scales and index concerning other nations, whereby from dimensions in 2005, there are empirical and parameters that are verifiable in a way that the counties would be classified in a particular category (Malhotra and Majchrzak, 11). In fact, there were independent

Persian Gulf Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persian Gulf Today - Essay Example The city fostered education and culture among the Muslim people. The period was refereed to s the golden age of the civilization in the entire Muslim world. During, this time, the Muslim world made great strides in the field of science and art. In fact, the city was made the center for museums and mosques. The British made an agreement concerning the battle with the Hashemite dynasty. The Arabian countries were at risk of losing their sovereignty to the Hashemite dynasty, which was led by the Ottoman army. The British contributed in the battle between the Ottoman army and the Arab military. The British’s influence in the war made the Arab military to win the battle. Consequently, many Arabian territories were protected. In this regard, the Faisal al-Hussein was crowned as the first King of Iraq. The British later agreed to help the Arabic countries achieve their independent status. The initiative was aimed at breaking the countries from the control of the

Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Education - Assignment Example Additionally, Rose indicates that her mother is intelligent an aspect that is indicated by how she sequences and groups her task. Additionally, the mother was in a position to handle problems that occur among the workers or during the working process (Mackintosh 25). Another issue that depicts the level of intelligence possessed by mother is that she was able to analyze the mood of the workers, customers as well as those of the managers. In this way, she was able to create positive working relationship with all stakeholders. Joe Meraglio is also intelligent. Despite having left the school in the ninth grade, Mike Rose indicates that Joe is able to handle new problems regardless of their nature. In addition, Joe is able to come up with new products that make the working process in the plant to be smooth. For example, through redesigning of the nozzle, Joe was able to eliminate the high costs be incurred by the plant while at the same time ending the unhealthy spray. Another theme that is covered by Mike Rose is education. As indicated by the author, college education changed his life. Through his 40 years in the teaching career, Mike indicates that his experience is not all that unusual. Despite that Mike’s mother was not extensively educated, Mike indicates that he was able to get adequate education even though his academic record was dreary at the initial stages. As indicated by the book, formal education results to intelligence that makes individuals to handle various problems. One of the key benefits of education is that it results to economic development. For example, individuals who are educated are in a position to know how the machines they are working with operates. As noted by the Mike Rose. Joe is a good instructor but he is not aware of how the machines in his plant operate even though he is able to effectively work with them (Blue Collar Brilliance 3). The author indicates that for those people who are

Research Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Tata Motors Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors Essay Description: The Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. Tata Motors (or the company) is one of the leading automotive vehicle manufacturing companies in India. The company is engaged in the development, design, manufacture, assembly, and sale of vehicles including financing, as well as sale of related parts and accessories. The company primarily operates India, South Korea, South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Singapore, Spain, and the UK. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India and employs about 49,856 people. The company recorded revenues of INR925,192.5 million ($19,530.8 million) during the financial year ended March 2010 (FY2010), an increase of 30.5% over FY2009. The operating profit of the company was INR42,288.3 million ($892.7 million) during FY2010, as compared to the operating loss of INR6,580 million ($138.9 million) in FY2009. The net profit was INR25,710.6 million ($542.8 million) in FY2010, as compared to the net loss of INR25,052.5 million ($528.8 million) in FY2009. Scope of the Report Provides all the crucial information on Tata Motors Limited required for business and competitor intelligence needs Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting Tata Motors Limited in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue stre ams of Tata Motors Limited -Data is supplemented with details on Tata Motors Limited history, key executives, business description, locations and subsidiaries as well as a list of products and services and the latest available statement from Tata Motors Limited Reasons to Purchase Support sales activities by understanding your customers’ businesses better Qualify prospective partners and suppliers Keep fully up to date on your competitors’ business structure, strategy and prospects Obtain the most up to date company information available Contents: SWOT COMPANY PROFILE: Tata Motors Limited Key Facts: Tata Motors Limited Company Overview: Tata Motors Limited Business Description: Tata Motors Limited Company History: Tata Motors Limited Key Employees: Tata Motors Limited Key Employee Biographies: Tata Motors Limited Products Services Listing: Tata Motors Limited Products Services Analysis: Tata Motors Limited SWOT analysis: Tata Motors Limited -Strengths: Tata Motors Limited -Weaknesses: Tata Motors Limited -Opportunities: Tata Motors Limited -Threats: Tata Motors Limited Company View: Tata Motors Limited Top Competitors: Tata Motors Limited Location and Subsidiary: Tata Motors Limited -Head Office: Tata Motors Limited -Other Locations and Subsidiaries: Tata Motors Limited Ordering: Order Online http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/554957/ Order by Fax using the form below Order by Post print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. 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The samoa-tonga tsunami

The samoa-tonga tsunami Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the 29th September 2009 a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurring on the outer rise of the Tonga Trench generated a large tsunami. The tsunami struck Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga with devastating consequences. Waves which reached up to 7.4m struck the coastlines of the islands just one minute after the initial underestimated tsunami alert. The tsunami killed at least 182 people. It had a large impact on the populations of all the islands and also had a sizeable impact upon the environment especially coral reefs. Cases of dengue fever and leptospirosis disease have increased and there is expected to be a long term impact upon the regions economy. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the 29th of September 2009 a large earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in the vicinity of the northern end of the Tonga Trench. This earthquake triggered a tsunami which had a large scale impact on the islands of Samoa, American Samoa and also in Tonga. It caused many fatalities and devastated many areas. The natural disaster although only directly affecting a small region does have a global significance. How the possibility of such a hazard was treated beforehand and how people responded during and after it occurred can be used as a model to show the impacts of future similar hazards not only in this region, but in others across the earth. This report examines the cause, consequences and impact of the earthquake generated tsunami. It also assesses the human response and whether the scale of the tsunami impact could have been less. Cause of the Tsunami   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tsunami was generated by a magnitude 8.0 earthquake that struck at 17:48:10 UTC at a depth of 18km (United States Geological Survey (USGS) 2009a). It occurred towards the northern of the Tonga Trench, 190 km south of Apia Samoa. Figure 1 shows its location. The Tonga Trench marks the boundary between the Pacific and Australia plates. This is a convergent plate boundary where the oceanic Pacific plate subducts westward below the continental Australia plate at the Tonga Trench. The rate of this subduction is the fastest to be recorded worldwide with a maximum of 240mm per year at the northern end (Cousteau 2006). This makes this region one of the most seismically active in the world. Close to where the earthquake occurred the velocity has been measured to be 86mm per year (USGS 2009a) however in current worldwide plate tectonic movement this rate is still very fast. The actual earthquake occurred on a thin ridge called the outer rise to the east of the Tonga Tre nch (Annunziato et al 2009). Earthquakes occur in these regions, on the ocean side of a subduction zone, as normal faults are ruptured when the oceanic plate is forced to flex as it bends under the continental plate. Thus it can be deduced that the earthquake was a normal fault rupture on the outer rise of the Tonga Trench. The earthquake was felt across the islands in the region and was reported to have shaken the ground for up to 3 minutes (Adetunji and Gabbat 2009). In Iliili and Tafuna, American Samoa, the intensity was measured as reaching IV. According to the USGS modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (2009b) this would mean it would have been felt by most with the disturbance of objects such as â€Å"windows and doors†, â€Å"standing vehicles being noticeably rocked† and a â€Å"sensation like [a] heavy truck striking a building†. A higher intensity was felt in Apia, Samoa of V but it was felt strongest in Faleniu, American Samoa with an intensity of VII (USGS 2009a). This could have resulted in â€Å"considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed buildings† however there are no reports that any damage was caused by the earthquake before the tsunami hit. The Tsunami Tsunamis are generated by a sudden vertical displacement of ocean water. In this instance an earthquake rupture in the sea floor caused water to be pushed upwards. This water collapses producing a tsunami. Through deep water the tsunami moves rapidly with speeds up to 500 km/h but heights of the waves are usually less than 1m. As it nears shore the tsunami slows because of decreasing water depth but is compressed upwards thus growing in height. These waves are then capable of pushing far inshore (Keller and Blodgett 2008). The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre first sent out an alert 16 minutes after the earthquake. It had, however, an underestimation of the earthquake magnitude 7.1 and so it was only a green alert. It was not until 20 minutes after the earthquake that the alert was scaled up to orange (Annunziato et al 2009). Both these alerts however would have come too late to help those in the regions first in the tsunamis path. Reports that water began to retreat from coastal areas beyond the coral reefs (Mercer 2009) shows the tsunami was approaching Samoa soon after the Earthquake. This report also suggests the tsunami first struck Samoa shortly after 7:00 am local time or 18:00 UTC. The exact time for the first tsunami waves to hit Samoa is thought to be around 17 minutes after the earthquake (Annunziato et al 2009) or 18:05 UTC. Different sources provide various data for the heights of the tsunami waves. The USGS (2009a) report, lists recorded wave heights as being 314cm in Pago Pago, American Samoa and 140cm in Apia, Samoa. It also details the distance the tsunami travelled with it reaching Wellington, New Zealand where it was 11cm in height. The BBC reported waves of 5m in height (Mercer 2009) whilst the New Zealand Herald informed its readers that the island of Niuatoputapu, Tonga, experienced wave heights of 6m (Tahana 2009). With many of the sensors for measuring tidal height in the region not functioning, Annunziato et al (2009) carried out many calculations so as to try and determine actual wave height. Their results revealed tsunami heights of above 6m in some areas including 7.4m in Alaufu, American Samoa. There are also different reports on the extent to which the tsunami travelled inland causing damage. The Guardian reported the damage extending 100m inshore in Samoa (Adetunji and Gabbatt 2009) wh ere as in eastern Samoa the tsunami caused damage up to 330m inshore (NASA Earth Observatory 2009). In American Samoa there are reports of water surging 1km inland (TVNZ 2009). By utilising all of this data it is evident that this was a large tsunami the impact of which was devastating. The Tsunami Impact and Consequences   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tsunami had a large impact upon the islands of Samoa and American Samoa and also proved to be destructive to the island of Niuatoputapu, Tonga. There were at least 149 killed in Samoa, 24 in American Samoa and 9 in Niuatoputapu (USGS 2009). In total it was reported to have affected around 32000 people and left close to 3000 homeless (Atayman 2009). Devastation was widespread with the destruction of tens of villages. Lalomanu, a village come holiday resort in south-eastern Samoa, was flattened by the tsunami (Mclean 2009). It was made up around 100 homes and resort huts, the majority of which were destroyed. The village of Poutasi in south-western Upolu, Samoa was another that suffered large scale destruction (TVNZ 2009). Radio New Zealand (2009) reported that along the south coast of Upolu the majority of resorts and hotels were destroyed. American Samoas main village of Pago Pago was â€Å"completely devastated† with only the foundations of buildings b eing left and a large degree of flooding. On a greater scale all of western American Samoa was left with no power. Lieutenant Governor Faoa Sunia of American Samoa reportedly said that water was limited in some areas due to damage to the water system (Samoa news staff 2009). In Niuatoputapu, home to just over 1000 people, 90% of homes had been ruined and the hospital was also badly damaged (Tahana 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The long term consequences of the tsunami will be substantial. Not only will infrastructure have to be redeveloped but other factors are going to be problematic. The loss of homes means people have been forced to live outdoors. This has resulted in people becoming more at risk of dengue fever. The fever is spread by mosquitoes and so a lack of shelter means people are more likely to get bitten. American Samoas only hospital has confirmed that there has been an increase in patients suffering from dengue fever with 62 confirmed cases in October and the first two deaths from the disease in 2009 (Anon 2009). The risk of polluted water being drunk is also greatly enhanced by the poor living conditions. Leptospirosis, a disease spread by the contamination of water by the urine of rats and other species has also seen a rise in confirmed cases in American Samoa, according to the same report. The economic impact is going to be significant in the longer term. People from the rural areas of Samoa are dependent on agriculture, fisheries and eco-tourism (FAO 2009). Areas of vegetable cultivation were devastated and the tsunami swept away fishing boats and fishing gear. The destruction of holiday resorts around the coasts of the islands and that their owners are fearful of returning means many tourists are likely to look elsewhere (Coopes 2009). The environmental impacts of the tsunami were also extensive. The Samoa Tsunami Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Ifopo et al 2009) lists much of the damage caused and what damage was expected. It includes septic tank pollution, solid waste pollution and salinisation pollution which occurred in many areas. Salinisation pollution is going to be a significant impact to the agricultural industry as crops may fail to grow in soil with a high salt concentration. It also details that there was foreshore and beach erosion, damage to wetland areas and in particular mangroves. Damage to ecosystems extended beyond the coast with marine protected areas and no take zones heavily impacted. Coral reefs were also devastated. The Associated Press (2009) reported that some coral reefs had been â€Å"obliterated† whilst others may not be able to recover. Response to the Earthquake and Tsunami   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first tsunami alert was issued 16 minutes after the earthquake. This does appear to be relatively fast considering the data for the earthquake had to be received and analysed. However the first alert was green the lowest alert level due to the earthquake magnitude being underestimated. It wasnt until 20 minutes after the earthquake when the alert was upgraded to orange by which point the tsunami had already struck the Samoa islands. Many people didnt realise the earthquake could have generated a tsunami and thus few moved to higher ground (Driscoll 2009). It is therefore apparent that a faster and more accurate response to the earthquake was required so as to have saved at least some of the lives that were lost. As this could save lives in the future further investigations into methods on how to analyse earthquakes more quickly are worthwhile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aid response for the victims of the tsunami was issued within 2 days. The US, New Zealand and Australia provided the initial help with them all sending in planes to provide aid and assess the overall damage, the US also sent in a ship from their naval fleet to assist (Atayman 2009; Australian Government Department of Defence 2009). The American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) delivered water to those who were affected by water shortages (Samoa news staff 2009) and the Red Cross set up camps for those who had been left homeless (Mercer 2009). The New Zealand Air Force provided medical supplies, medical teams and temporary morgue facilities to assist the hospital in Apia, Samoa (Young 2009). By October 8th all of Samoa was reconnected to the electricity grid and the main water pipes had been fixed as detailed in the 7th United Nations Office for the Coordination of Human Affairs (OCHA) situation report (2009b). The report informed that roads had been cleared in Samoa a nd Tonga and airports were functional. Financial aid was provided by governments and other organisations worldwide. Using information from OCHA situation reports 6 through to 9 and also 11 (2009a; 2009b; 2009c; 2009d; 2009e;) some of the funding provided can be listed as coming from; the European Union (over $2 million), the Japan International Cooperation Agency ($220 thousand), Australia ($874 thousand for Niuatoputapu), New Zealand (over $1.1 million), the European Commission ($150 thousand for Samoa) and the Asian Development Bank ($1 million). It is evident that the response to the tsunami was fast, well funded and efficient. Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When researching the initial response to the earthquake it was found that local people had previously been uninterested in the dangers of a tsunami (Driscoll 2009). This is likely to have been due to there being no living memory of the last significant tsunami which occurred in 1917 (Mataafa 2009). If they had knowledge of the consequences of a large earthquake occurring in the ocean they may have responded more quickly by moving to higher ground. In this case in order to have saved lives it would have been essential for the local people of Samoa, American Samoa and Tonga to react quickly as the tsunami alert came too late. By educating people on the affects of earthquakes and how they can generate earthquakes it may be possible to save lives in the future. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 29th September Samoa Tonga tsunami devastated the islands and many of the people living on them. It was caused by a magnitude 8.0 earthquake which occurred on the outer ridge of the Tonga Trench. The Tsunami killed at least 182 people and affected thousands more. Much of the islands infrastructures were destroyed and the tsunami also had a significant environmental impact especially upon coral reefs. Long term consequences have already been seen with an increase in cases of dengue fever and leptospirosis disease. Economically the impacts are also going to be long lasting. The destruction of livelihoods whether it is through fishing, agriculture or tourism will be widespread. It was found that the initial tsunami alert issued was the lowest level and wasnt upgraded until after the first tsunami waves hit. The response in the days following the tsunami however was quick effective and well funded. By educating people especially in areas where the risk of tsunami is high it is probable that lives will be saved in the future. References Adetunji, J. and Gabbatt, A. (2009) Samoa tsunami: 100 feared dead on Pacific islands. Guardian, [internet] 30 September. Available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/30/samoa-tsunami-pacific-earthquake [Accessed 5 November 2009]. Annunziato, A., Franchello, G., Ulutas, E. and De Groeve, T. (2009) 29 September 2009 Samoa Tsunami, (pp 70 of 2009). Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Anon (2009) Dengue Fever in American Samoa rises after Tsunami. New Zealand Herald. [internet] 9 November. Available at http://www.nzherald.co.nz/samoa-tsunami/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502844objectid=10608167 [Accessed 12 November 2009). Associated Press (2009) Tsunami in Samoa takes toll on coral. New Zealand Herald. [internet] 2 November. Available at http://www.nzherald.co.nz/marine/news/article.cfm?c_id=61objectid=10606655 [Accessed 12 November 2009]. Atayman, B. (2009) Tsunami deaths likely to rise in Pacific islands: Villages and vacation resorts destroyed. The Windsor Star. [internet] 30 September. Available at http://www.windsorstar.com/news/Over+killed+tsunamis+smash+Pacific+islands/2049879/story.html [Accessed 6 November 2009]. Australian Government Department of Defence (2009) ADF support to Samoa update. Defence Media Release. [internet] 1 October. Available at http://www.defence.gov.au/media/DepartmentalTpl.cfm?CurrentId=9535 [Accessed 12 November 2009]. Coopes, A. (2009) Tsunami-hit Samoa braces for tourism slump. news.com.au, [internet] 7 October. Available at http://www.news.com.au/story/0,27574,26178055-23109,00.html [Accessed 12 November 2009). Cousteau, F. (2006) Atlas of the Oceans. In Ocean: The Worlds Last Wilderness Revealed, pp 480 481. London, Dorling Kindersley Limited. Driscoll, J. (2009) Lessons from Samoa: Local researcher part of team sent to tsunami zone. Times Standard. [internet] 3 November. Available at http://www.times-standard.com/ci_13701412?source=most_viewed [Accessed 12 November 2009]. FAO (2009) Recent natural disasters in Asia and the Pacific: Samoa, Tonga, American Samoa, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. [online] (updated 2 October 2009) Available at ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/meeting/017/asia_emerg.pdf [Accessed 12 November]. Ifopo, P.E., Atherton, J., Miller-Taei, S., Anderson, P., Suaesi, T., Steffen, J., Paisley, S. And Sherley, G. (unpublished) Samoa Tsunami Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report. [internet] 14 October. Available at http://www.sprep.org/att/irc/ecopies/countries/samoa/171.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2009]. Mataafa, T. (2009) Tsunami scientist presents findings of Sept. 29 wave. Samoa News. [internet] 24 October. Available at http://www.samoanews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=10111 [Accessed 13 November 2009]. Mercer, P. (2009) Samoas tsunami death toll rises. BBC News, [internet] 2 October. Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8286635.stm [Accessed 5 November 2009]. Mclean, T. (2009) Searching ruins for reason to live after tsunami. The Daily Telegraph, [internet] 2 October. Available at http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/searching-ruins-for-reason-to-live-after-the-tsunami/story-e6freuy9-1225781822624 [Accessed 9 November 2009]. NASA Earth Observatory (2009) Earthquake off Samoa Generates Tsunami. [online] (updated 13 October 2009) Available at http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=40532 [Accessed 2 November 2009). OCHA (2009a) Samoa/Tonga Tsunami Situation Report No. 6. [internet] 6 October. Available at http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/AZHU-7WL2CX-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2009]. OCHA (2009b) Samoa/Tonga Tsunami Situation Report No. 7. [internet] 8 October. Available at http://www.un.org.au/files/files/Samoa%20SitRep%20No%207%208%20Oct.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2009]. OCHA (2009c) Samoa/Tonga Tsunami Situation Report No. 8. [internet] 10 October. Available at http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/MYAI-7WQ2JM-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2009]. OCHA (2009d) Samoa/Tonga Tsunami Situation Report No. 9. [internet] 14 October. Available at http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/EDIS-7WTR39-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2009]. OCHA (2009e) Samoa/Tonga Tsunami Situation Report No. 11. [internet] 22 October. Available at http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/AZHU-7X42LF-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf [Accessed 12 November 2009]. Radio New Zealand (2009) Samoa disaster toll soars. [internet] 30 September. Available at http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=readid=49414 [Accessed 9 November 2009). Samoa news staff (2009) 8.0 quake hits Samoa islands. Samoa News [internet] 29 September. Available at http://www.samoanews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=9550edition=1254218400 [Accessed 6 November 2009]. Tahana, Y. (2009) Teams Reach Tonga Victims. New Zealand Herald, [internet] 2 October. Available at http://www.nzherald.co.nz/samoa-tsunami/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502844objectid=10600831 [Accessed 6 November 2009]. TVNZ (2009) Over 100 feared dead in Samoa tsunami. [internet] 30 September. Available at http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/tsunami-sirens-wail-again-in-samoa-3041553/video [Accessed 9 November 2009]. USGS (2009a) Magnitude 8.0 SAMOA ISLANDS REGION. [online] (updated 28 October 2009) Available at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2009/us2009mdbi/ [Accessed 2 November 2009). USGS (2009b) The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. [online] (updated 27 October 2009) Available at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mercalli.php [Accessed 2 November 2009). Young, A. (2009) NZ aid arrives in Samoa. New Zealand Herald [internet] 1 October. Available at http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=10600651 [Accessed 12 November].

Pet Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management

Pet Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management Pain and Anxiety Management in Hospice care patients through Pet Therapy Arlena Davis Pet therapy is a form of treatment used in hospitals, nursing homes and educational institutions. It involves guided dealings between a trained animal, an individual and the animal trainer. Pet therapy offers patients the opportunity to improve their life through human-animal relations. The practice problem is to determine the effectiveness of using animals to aid humans cope better with health matters. For this proposal, the focus will be to determine the effectiveness of pet therapy in the treatment of hospice patients. Background and Significance The focus of this research proposal will be on Hospice care; planned care to provide medical services, spiritual and emotional support to individuals who are in the advanced stages of illness. It centers on comfort and abundance of life rather than cure. Hunters and gatherers first used the pet therapy and the initial report was done in late 18th century at the York Retreat in Britain headed by William Tuke. Domesticated pets, marine creatures and farm animals are the most used. Several benefits are associated with pet therapy, lower blood pressure and reduced depression. A major problem of pet therapy is although scientists present the relationship between humans and companion animals as favorable, there is need for investigational studies to determine its effectiveness. In using pet therapy, it is important that the rights of the people affected as those of their animal companions be respected. The patient can choose the pet of his choice to improve their health. The pets used are service animals and must be allowed to accompany a disabled person wherever they go. However, caution should be taken to avoid pets with a temperament as they tend to be a nuisance. Elderly people and people suffering from chronic illnesses are the most affected. Pet therapy has its complications and can be costly. Failure of this therapy can result in a painful and intolerable death for a patient in a short period. Pet therapy gives hospice patients and their families some hope of a quality life. If this program fails, the family members of the patient might suffer from depression. It might also instill fear and uncertainty to patients undergoing pet therapy. Pet therapy can be costly because it entails hiring a certified and well-trained pet. In addition, hospice patients may need to be in a health facility. Review of Literature The research proposal discusses the different studies conducted concerning pet therapy by various authors. It includes both theoretical reviews of data previously recorded and empirical studies in different places with patients of different age groups. The different study designs applied by the authors include; systematic review of the evidence, Quasi-experimental investigations, review of qualitative studies, survey questionnaires, randomized control trial and pre-post quasi-experimental design. According to Stem (2011), pet therapy treatment enables patients in a hospice get short time relief from pain, stress and anxiety. He however did not have an in-depth analysis due to lack of quality research data. The review was conducted on the comments 31of professionals who used Animal Assisted therapy (AAT) for mental health care. Animal Assisted Therapy was beneficial (O’Callaghan, 2008). The method provided qualitative, and the interpretation could have been biased. A convenience sample of 58 residents living in a facility was studied to determine the changes in the use of medication. A Decline in pain Medication use (Lust, Ryan-Haddad, Coover, Snell, 2007). AAT helped in rehabilitating schizophrenic patients (Kovà ¡cs, Kis, Rà ³zsa, Rà ³zsa, 2004). The findings were made after surveying the independent living skills of seven schizophrenic patients at a hospice. In a different approach, pre-post quasi-experimental design was used on hospitalized patients with the aim of finding out the effects on not only their mood but also the cost incurred. Pet therapy improved mood in hospitalized patients and was cost effective (Coakley Mahoney, 2009). The patients in hospice care also include children. In this research proposal, a review of the effectiveness of pet therapy on them is also done. AAT has benefits for the children in pain. The group having AAT had a significant loss in pain level relative to the control group (Braun, Stangler, Narveson, Pettingell, 2009). Survey questionnaires also serve as an excellent source of conducting research. In one such instance used to investigate the effectiveness of pet therapy, Companion animals reduced anxiety (Peacock, Chur-Hansen, Winefield, 2012). The conclusion was made after reviewing the responses of a sample of 70 hospitalized patients. Persons with neurological conditions also get assistance through pet therapy to help improve their functioning. In one of the prospective studies, the researchers focused on the improvement in walking distance covered and the speed of the patient as well. Walking with a dog improved patient ambulation and patients responded positively to the experience (Rita, Brienne Joseph, 2007) However, the positive findings of using pet therapy do not reflect the opinions of all the researchers. Anxiety inventory did not decrease significantly but was low after Animal Assisted Therapy (Ekeberg Braastad, 2011). Also according to Bercovitz, Sengupta, Jones, Harris-kojetin, (2011), there are no differences in demographics, health, functional status between patients discharged from hospice or those who got complementary and alternative therapies CAT. They made this conclusion by reviewing the outcomes of complementary and alternative therapies. The different research methods applied by the researchers had their shortcomings. The most common being; lack of randomness in sample selection, biased interpretations due to use of either qualitative or quantitative information, the lack of evidence of the cause and effect and a limited sample size. The findings of some researcher proved quite unreliable, as they did not do follow-ups on their subjects. It is crucial to know how Animal Assisted Therapy works and which animals are best suited for this treatment. Research Problem Introducing a pet into the life of a patient has been proven to distract the patient from pain, anxiety and reduces hypertension. Furthermore, it helps patients regain control of their social and communication skills (unity point, n.d.). The caregivers use this option to provide palliative care; care aimed at reducing pain, suffering and discomfort in order to provide them with a better chance at living (1800hospice, n.d.). Control of pain and anxiety is the main aim of hospice care. The option is considered when one is no longer aggressive in treating illness and is ready to accept death. A caregiver’s responsibility is to offer the best therapy possible. The patients find it easier to interact with the animals than with family members (Hospice of North Central Ohio, 2014). Study Purpose Studies have indicated that the presence of a pet in the facility help relieve patients’ pain and gives the staff morale to continue providing care to the patients. The act of petting has an automatic and subconscious relaxing and calming effect (Methodist Health, 2014). Furthermore, the use of pets can help bridge the communication gap between the patient, the doctor and family (Matuszek, 2010). Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Definitions The theory of comfort asserts that comfort exists in three main forms; relief, ease and transcendence. When the comfort needs of the patient are met, he experiences comfort in the form of getting relief (March McCormack,2009). Ease facilitates the comfort of a patient through contentment by arraying any fears and anxiety from the patient. Transcendence facilitates the patient achieve a level of comfort by rising above any challenges during or after treatment. The theory posits that patient comfort occurs in four contexts; physical, psycho-spiritual, socio-cultural and environmental (Kolcaba DiMarco, 2005). It emphasizes that patients are individuals, families, institutions and even communities that need healthcare services. The environment encompasses any aspects of the patient, family or institution that nurses may manipulate in order to provide comfort to patients. Rationale The theory is a good fit for the study since it informs the need for nurses and patient’s relatives to pursue available methodologies to mitigate pain and patient discomforts. The theory fosters courage and spirit of enthusiasm and positivity and reminds nurses not to give up (Lasiuk Ferguson, 2005). The independent variable is pet therapy to reduce pain while the dependent variable is end of life patient management. The independent and dependent variables are linked to the concepts since the choice of appropriate therapies is ideal to effective patient management especially in the end of life processes. In order to attain desirable relief for the patient, the nursing personnel formulates proper nursing care plans and continuously evaluates comfort levels of the patient to determine the need for change (Melnyk Overholt, 2010). The nurse may use objective or subjective measures to evaluate the levels of comfort for the patient. Objective assessments involve, making observations of the patient and the healing process. Subjective measures include seeking the patient’s comments. Hypothesis Hospice care patients and their families will chose pet therapy as a feasible treatment option when end of life conversations are being debated at the time of diagnosis. Design and Rationale The research design will be in the form of a cross-sectional survey of pain and anxiety management in hospice care through pet therapy. It will be used to determine the success of this treatment and to predict its usefulness in future. The rationale of using the cross-sectional approach is because this proposal will focus on one variable; the effectiveness of pet therapy for hospice care using data collected in different institutions during the same period. Population and Sample The appropriate population for this proposal is the patients under hospice care. The sample will be chosen randomly which will include patients in hospitals, nursing homes and those in hospice care institution. Since the number of patients is large, the sample size for this study will be 60 patients involving people of different ages and suffering from different illnesses. Human Subjects Protection In conducting this study, the ethical practice of human subject protection will be adhered to. The research will be based on objectivity and the data collected from the patients will only be used for the research. The relevant authorities of such as family and institution directors will be consulted for permission. Operational Definition The independent variable for this research proposal is the use of pet therapy to reduce pain and anxiety in hospice patients. Pet therapy is a program, which involves creating a relationship between a patient and animal to help improve their health condition. The dependent variable is the end of life patient management this is provided through hospice care to patients who are in the late years of their life. Measurement Discussion In determining the success of use of pet therapy in managing pain and anxiety among hospice patients, both qualitative and quantitative measurements will be done. The key factors to be considered will be the amount of time spent with the pet, the blood pressure of individuals before and after pet therapy. The state of depression shall also be monitored as well as the amount of intake of pain relievers. Summary Pet therapy for hospice care patients has proven very helpful remedy during the end of life stage. The animals provide companionship and sense calmness in the patient’s life. In depth, research should be done to determine the animals that best suit the treatment and to establish how the treatment occurs. For this proposal, the focus will be to determine the effectiveness of pet therapy in the treatment of hospice patients. References 1800hospice. (n.d.). Hospice Terms | 1-800-HOSPICE.1800hospice.com. Retrieved 17 July 2014, from http://www.1800hospice.com/understanding-homecare/hospice-terms/ Bercovitz, A., Sengupta, M., Jones, A., Harris-kojetin, L. D. (2011). Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Hospice The National Home and Hospice Care Survey : United States , 2007. National Health Statistics Reports, 33, 1-20. Braun, C., Stangler, T., Narveson, J., Pettingell, S. (2009). Animal-assisted therapy as a pain relief intervention for children. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(2), 105-109. Coakley, A. B., Mahoney, E. K. (2009). Creating a therapeutic and healing environment with a pet therapy program. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 15(3), 141-146. Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Hospice: The National Home and Hospice Care Survey: United States, 2007. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2011. Cummings, K. (n.d.). End of Life and Hospice Care | Taking Charge of Your Health Wellbeing.Taking Charge of Your Health Wellbeing. Retrieved 17 July 2014, from http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/conditions/end-life-and-hospice-care DArcy, Y. (2011). Paws to provide comfort, relieve pain.Nursing2014,41(4), 6768. DogsDoingGood. (2013). Therapy vs. Service Dog.Dogs Doing Good | Helping families. Training dogs. Changing lives.. Retrieved 17 July 2014, from http://dogsdoinggood.com/web/therapy-vs-service-dog/ Ekeberg O., B. B., Braastad, I. P. and B. O. (2011). Animal-Assisted Therapy with Farm Animals for Persons with Psychiatric Disorders: Effects on Anxiety and Depression, a Randomized Controlled Trial. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 27(1), 50-64. Harrington SE. Smith, (2009). The role of chemotherapy of the end of life. Hospice of North Central Ohio. (2014). Complementary Therapies.Hospiceofnorthcentralohio.org. Retrieved 17 July 2014, from http://www.hospiceofnorthcentralohio.org/care-services/hospice-care/complementary-therapies Kolcaba, K. DiMarco, M. (2005). Comfort theory and its application topediatric nursing. Pediatric Nursing, 31(3): 187-194 Kolcaba, K. (2006). Comfort theory:A unifying framework to enhance the practice environment. Journal of Nursing Administration, 36(11): 538-544. Kovà ¡cs, Z., Bulucz, J., Kis, R., Simon, L. (2006). An exploratory study of the effect of animal-assisted therapy on nonverbal communication in three schizophrenic patients. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People Animals. Kovà ¡cs, Z., Kis, R., Rà ³zsa, S., Rà ³zsa, L. (2004). Animal-assisted therapy for middle-aged schizophrenic patients living in a social institution. A pilot study. Clinical rehabilitation, 18(5), 483-486. Lasiuk, G. Ferguson, L. (2005). From practice to midrangetheory and back again.Advances in Nursing Science, 28(2): 127-136. Lehigh Happening. (2013). Pet Therapy â€Å"Photos with Santa’s Jingle Dogs† at Cedarbook.Lehigh Happening. Retrieved 17 July 2014, from http://lehigh.happeningmag.com/pet-therapy-santas-jingle-dogs Lust, E., Ryan-Haddad, A., Coover, K., Snell, J. (2007). Measuring clinical outcomes of animal-assisted therapy: impact on resident medication usage. The Consultant pharmacist: the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists. March, A. McCormack,D. (2009). Nursing theory-directed healthcare: Modifying Kolcabas Comfort Theory as an institution-wide approach. Holistic Nursing Practice, 23(2): 75-80. Matuszek, S. (2010). Animal-facilitated therapy in various patient populations: systematic literature review. Holistic Nursing Practice,24(4), 187203. McEwen, M. Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing. (3rd ed). Philadelphia. Oxford university press. Melnyk, B. Overholt, E. (2010). Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice (2nd ed). New York. Sage publications. MethodistHealth. (2014). Pet Therapy at Methodist Hospice Bring Patients Joy.Methodisthealth.org. Retrieved 17 July 2014, from http://www.methodisthealth.org/news-and-events/news/2014/pet-therapy-at-methodist-hospice-bring-patients-joy.dot Myers, J. (2012). PAWSitive bedside outcomes: The value of animal-assisted therapy. Med Surg Matters, 21(5), 1. OCallaghan, D. M. (2008). Exploratory study of animal assisted therapy interventions used by mental health professionals (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas). Peacock, J., Chur-Hansen, A., Winefield, H. (2012). Mental Health Implications of Human Attachment to Companion Animals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 292-303. Rita K Bode Brienne R Costa Ctrs Joseph B Frey, B. (2007). The impact of animal-assisted therapy on patient ambulation: A feasibility study. American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 6(3), 7-19. Selby, A., Smith-Osborne, A. (2013). A systematic review of effectiveness of complementary and adjunct therapies and interventions involving equines. Health Psychology, 32(4), 418. Snyder, M., Lindquist, R. (2006). Complementary/alternative therapies in nursing. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Sobo, E. J., Eng, B., Kassity-Krich, N. (2006). Canine visitation (pet) therapy: pilot data on decreases in child pain perception. Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic NursesÊ ¼ Association Stern, C. (2011). Canines Utilised For Therapeutic Purposes In The Physical And Social Health Of Older People In Long Term Care (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide). Taylor, M. A. (2012). Pet therapy / canine visitors bring cheer to hospice patients. The Commercial Appeal (2007-Current) Tsai, C.-C., Friedmann, E., Thomas, S. A. (2010). The Effect of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Stress Responses in Hospitalized Children. Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of People Animals. U.S. Department of justice: Civil Rights Division (2010) Service animals Urbanski, B. L., Lazenby, M. (2012). Distress Among Hospitalized Pediatric Cancer Patients Modified By Pet-Therapy Intervention to Improve Quality of Life. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. Van Hyfte, G. J., Kozak, L. E., Lepore, M. (2013). A survey of the use of complementary and alternative medicine in Illinois Hospice and Palliative Care Organizations.American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 1049909113500378. VNA hospice volunteers complete training. (2013). The Evening Sun Wenger NS, Verpa PM, (2010) Ethical issues in patients-physician communication about therapy for cancer professional responsibility of the ecologist

Tangled: The Intersection of Commerce, Gender, and Genre Essay

In the 2010 film Tangled, a modern retelling of the Grimm Brothers’ story Rapunzel, Rapunzel pursues her dream of seeing the floating lights away from her hidden tower and escaping from her â€Å"evil mother† Gothel with the help of a young thief named Flynn Ryder. The film manages to navigate the tension between the traditional fairy-tale storytelling archetypes of the early Disney princess movie-musicals and a modern reinvention of these stereotypes in order to create a harmonious blend between the two. However, both â€Å"When Will my Life Begin?† and â€Å"I Have a Dream,† with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Glenn Slater, employ diverse musical references and techniques that nevertheless starkly challenge the construction of the typical Disney animated musical genre, and that mold musical conventions to be more marketable to a far-reaching audience. Does this movie actually mock the imperfections of its Disney princess predecessors, and if so, how does it commoditize this musical â€Å"affectionate parody† by appealing to the â€Å"younger, hipper† and even male crowd? I argue that â€Å"When will my life begin?† and â€Å"I’ve got a Dream† serve as examples of how Disney made Tangled into a hybrid of the earlier princess movie-musicals of the â€Å"Golden Age of Animation†(Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [1937], Sleeping Beauty [1959]), the â€Å"Disney Renaissance† (The Little Mermaid [1989], Beauty and the Beast [1991]), and what it hoped to be a new, modern spin on the genre with its new leadership, its music, and its treatment of gender in order to be commercially successful. One thing that Tangled did demonstrate was the need for a modern reboot not only for Disney animated films, but to the â€Å"musical† genre as well. Some argue that as Disney enters into a ... ...table to boys, it still relied on its commonalities to other films to secure its place within the Disney legacy. Whether or not in Disney’s quest to be commercially successful, if the film was really able to be a storytelling and musical success. able to satirize the shortcomings of the princess movie-musical genre sound abandon Broadway style for tween-age pop song. Both songs establish roots in the formula derived from the earlier Walt Disney films and later Alan Menken musicals, yet neither are without their surprises, their own definitive appeal to a larger, updated audience. Works Cited 1. http://insidemovies.ew.com/2010/11/24/alan-menken-tangled/ 2. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/movies/21tangled.html?pagewanted=all 3. http://earnthis.net/2010/07/golden-age-1/ 4. http://screencrave.com/2010-02-12/disneys-rapunzel-is-renamed-tangled/

Technological advances in society :: essays papers

Technological advances in society Technology enables students and teachers to have a fast and easy way to acquire unlimited access to tons of information. With all of the useful technologies, the curriculum is bound to change in endless ways, creating more opportunity for learning. It is very hard not to realize that technology has overpowered education in many ways. â€Å"Technology integration is similar to a tidal wave, growing silently in strength, then falling with an unstoppable roar upon those who paid no attention or showed little interest† (Guhlin, 40). Nowadays, computers are almost considered a necessity in the classroom, and are the main component of technology integration. Computers are being used in more numerous ways, besides only being used for basic word processing. With a simple computer, copious availabilities of technologies can be used in the classroom. â€Å"The one thing that is so great about the computer is that it does give a lot of instruction--and you don't need to have hearing to take advantage of it† (Anderson, 12). It’s amazing how one simple screen can provide everlasting opportunity for learning. One of the most widely used technologies is the Internet, or also known as the World Wide Web. â€Å"In August 1981 about 200 computers hosted Web servers. By July 1998 there were over 36 million Web servers, that are hosts to approximately 150 million people† (Strauss). The Internet proves to be very beneficial to education, since students have unlimited access to millions of websites with tons of information. There are only so many newspapers, journals and magazines that you can find in libraries or subscribe to. Therefore, the Internet offers an unlimited pile of information that students can always have. Moreover, students are enriched with the most current information in any subject, along with regular updates. Students are able to use the Internet anytime of day, as long as they have a computer at hand. The research process will not have to end when the school day is over (Wissick, 82). Along with using the World Wide Web for researching purposes, e-mail has become a very commonly used feature. Students and teachers can communicate outside of the classroom any time of day. In addition, this also opens up the idea of an online community center.

Adoption is a Family Affair!

Joyce Maguire Pavao, the author of â€Å"The Family of Adoption† has been successful in capturing the essence of adoption, the challenges it brings as well as the necessities that would help in handling these challenges.   Being an adopted child herself, she has a great understanding of the challenges and needs, not only of the adopted child, but the adoptive parent and birth parent as well.The book has a more practical and realistic feel since the author willingly shared her own experiences as an adopted child. One characteristic of the book that should be noted is the way the author categorized the whole book.   Covering the essentials not limited to the adopted child alone.The author also generously shared insights about the needs of the birth and adoptive parent.   It is very important to know the rationale behind her principle that the whole process of adoption does not only include the adopted child but the other individual surrounding her as well.   Her book has admirably captured and discussed this principle.In the book, the author well discussed the processes that the birth parent and the adoptive parents.   This part recognizes the fact that even the parents (birth and adoptive) may go through the process of grief and experiences dilemmas as well.In line with this, the book stated that the parents (birth and adoptive) may also need to go through the process of healing.   To further strengthen this fact, the author mentioned that there is a need for the adoptive parent to undergo counseling since this will help the adoptive parent to better understand and have a healthy relationship with the adoptive child.The book mentioned that an adopted child may go through â€Å"developmental stages† such us feelings of loss, experiencing problems in school and the wanting to know about their past.   The author mentioned that the adopted child have every right to know as much about his or her past.The adoptive parents should be open to this fact.   Apart from this, the author was able to clarify the different challenges and developmental stages that the adopted child goes thru.   She said that these are normal.   They may be challenging, but they are a normal process that the adopted child goes thru.In the book, it is stated that adoption â€Å"is not about finding children for families, but about finding families for children.†Ã‚   The items discussed in the book are somehow a reminder that the best interest of the adopted child should always be the priority of the parents.   In the first part of Chapter 1, the author said that â€Å"There have always been mothers and fathers who have not been able to, or not chosen to, or not been allowed to, parent their children†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   This is a sad fact that Joyce Maguire Pavao has beautifully placed into proper perspective.The birth parents have had their share of criticism from many because they gave up their child.   But it is important to reme mber that the birth parents have reasons as to why they chose to give up their child for adoption.   Birth parents need the same understanding, perhaps, as that of the adopted child.This book presented us with the reality that adoption is a commitment more than anything else.   It is a process that needs the cooperation of both the birth and adoptive family of the child.Openness of both families is essential to the growth and better development of the child.   It is important to accept that the adopted child will go thru confusing stages that may prove to be a challenge for the parents.But because of the commitment that the parents choose to make, these challenges, when faced properly, may prove to be the cause of a better relationship with the child.  Ã‚   While the family (parents and child) are going through the different challenges that the process of adoption brought about, it is critical for the parents to remind themselves that the best interest of the child should al ways be the main concern.A lot of people have different opinion with regards to adoption.   Some may even have negative notions about it.   Apart from the usual challenges that an adoptive parent may face while going through the process of adoption, the opinions and reactions of the people around them is another thing that they would need to deal with.It is not enough that the adoptive couple alone understand and is happy about adopting.   It is vital that they have the support and understanding of the people they care about.The book â€Å"Adoption is a Family Affair† is perfect for the families and friends of the adoptive couple.   Patricia Irwin covered the different areas that families of the adoptive parents should know about.   Areas such as who can adopt, reasons behind the decision of adopting, kids understanding adopting and much more.She made the whole adoption process something that can be and should be shared amongst family members and even close friends.    This book is a helping hand to the families and close friends of the adoptive couple, for them to better grasp then reality of and better understand the decision made by their loved one.Patricia Irwin herself is an adoptive parent, given this, she may as well have experienced the confusions of her family and friends about her decision to adopt.   She has a clearer understanding of the need for the people who the adoptive couple cares about to know as much fact as possible with regards to adoption.It is important that the author pictured in the very beginning of her book that there can be a negative reaction from the people the adoptive parents care most about when the couple decides to share the information of adoption to them.   Like most of us, of course we would love for it for the people we equally love to feel the happiness and excitement we feel when we decide to adopt.   And as the author clearly illustrated, this is not always the case.The book acknowledges valid fears and concerns of the families and friends of the adoptive parents.   Some of the valid concerns that the author discussed were the permanence of adoption, whether the child will be different from them or will not fit, the racial difference, should grandparents include the adopted child in their will, how can the family have deeper bonds with the child, etc.These are all valid concerns and important.   In fact, the adoptive couple may have thought about all these things themselves.Patricia Irwin was great in giving solutions or suggestions on how to deal with these fears and concerns.   Some of her solutions were as simple as the family members spending time with the child to create a deeper bond, giving assurance to the family members that adoption is permanent, and the like.One interesting part of the book is where the author gave examples of the possibly irritating comments given by friends and relatives of adoptive couples upon knowing of the couples’ decision t o adopt.   These comments show how uninformed some people are about adoption.   It illustrates how some people, no matter how closely related they may be to the adoptive couple, can be insensitive about the whole adoption process.There were financial related comments where it appears as if the child is someone the adoptive couple picks from a shelf display of children and pays for it at the counter.   Some comments were just downright insensitive and would not be expected to have come from well educated individuals.Of course, we cannot expect everyone to be knowledgeable about adoption.   As the book illustrated, the families and relatives of the adoptive couple may be confused and misinformed about adoption.This book has truly been informative and is useful for the family and friends of the adoptive couple.   It plainly made clear the issues that the adoptive couples may go through in connection with the possible reactions, confusions and hesitations of the people around them who they wish to be a part of the adoption process.Reference ListPavao JM. The Family of Adoption. Boston: Beacon Press; 2004Johnston PI. Adoption is a Family Affair. Indianapolis: Perspective Press;

Romulus and the Lost Thing Short Answer on Belonging

The need to belong to a community, indian lodge or environment can plaster cast ones behaviour, action and attitude, Through the experiences and the choices made in the processes of belong, an individuals identity leave behind develop but may require barriers which they must overcome to be accepted. Romulus my father by Raimond Gaita, biographical memoir that retells the score of his father, Romulus Gaita who migrated from Germany, to Melbourne Australia and must adapt and therefore belong by means of thick and thin to this untested environment, and The upset Thing, a picture news by Shaun Tan which revolves rough the belonging of a bizarre machine-like animal when it is demonstrate by a curious son in an industrialised township later on being lost from home are both texts which closely examine the plan of belonging under difficult circumstances.The story of Romulus, My Father closely, in the flesh(predicate)ly and accurately dilate the struggle of immigrants during and after the Second domain War, and how these adversities were faced and sometimes overcome. Romulus, being an immigrant himself, faces this personal struggle to overcome these challenges as he attempt to find a new home for himself and his family. Romulus attempts to connect to a step up (Australia) which is disparate to what can be referred to as his natural homeland.The Lost Thing revolves around a prick whom is met with indifference by the rest of society. The bright red people of colour of the thing immediately catches the readers eyes, drawing their attention to it thus effectively enabling readers to outright explore as to why the creature is lost within an industrialised town unlike its natural surroundings. This creates a intelligence of isolation and seclusion which follows the picturesque storyline.

Phi-105 Week Five Checkpoint – Moral Character View Points

CheckPoint Moral Character View Points PHI/cv Intro. To Philosophy Due Date 10/05/2011 teacher Geth Allison Moral Character View Points Referencing week quadruple news concerning righteous record, one viewpoint my discussion group overall agreed upon including me is that habits develop from repeatedly doing something and can reflect on a soulfulness of adept or mischievously moral character.For example, if a child was taught to say yes sir while growing up by the time he or she becomes an mature they realise developed a habit of doing as yes sir without thinking twice because of saying it repetitively as they grew up, which can appear to be a materialization of a person with good moral character, although that is not endlessly the case in my opinion. In contrast, a person of disconsolate moral character in any case could have been taught as a child to respond as yes sir as they grew into an adult developing a habit, but overall his or her moral character is bad.In addit ion every(prenominal)one agreed that habits, whether morally good or bad is formed from repetitiveness, which does not always result in the person organism of bad or good moral character. On the other(a) hand, quite a few classmates disagree on the viewpoint concerning habit and moral character being linked as some of them argue that the 2 have no connection what so ever. In contrast, my perspective is that habit and moral character is affiliated to a certain extent based on the circumstances.For example, habits whether good or bad, are apart of every several(prenominal)s moral character I have a bad habit of purchasing raiments, although I do not need them, but I have a urge to purchase a straddle or two if I go into shoe store. This is something I have been doing for as long as I can remember, but I must(prenominal) say it has gotten better because I intentionally lenify out of the shoe store.Nevertheless, it is apart of who I am, that is, an individual with a shoe fetish , which I actually do not believe to be a bad habit, as most would say the opposite. But, Does that make my moral character bad? Not hardly consequently I would say my viewpoint and those in ambition to it follows the modern form of ethical thinking because from a modern perspective the act of purchasing one, two, or how ever many pair of shoes repeatedly is not wrong it is something that I have a passion for, and does not result to anyone getting hurt.

DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS Essay

find cut backforcet strategicalalalalalalal poresing AND t kayoed ensembleow forers SKILLS rise Introduction attractionship and worry, these be both course we graze bug out on occasional basis. solely the questions akin(p) how do we go through and through with(p personnel casualtyicate) safe principal, what qualities, mental attitude, agency and behavior do they exhibit, be frequent. The cap tycoon to outdoow is non machine-accessible to education, although approximately draws what argon reas aced citizenry. whatever(prenominal) qualities involve for a attractor atomic soma 18 as easilyspring conduct by carriages.Although it is extra run-of-the-mine to e in truth unitary at that place argon a tote up number of parking argona commissions.I sound off, by exploitation our lead acquisitions, we atomic number 18 secure a a siz open caboodle than recognise and triple-cr testify carg whizzr. at that place is no dubiousness that, track potence merchant ship be developed. With commit ment, trial and practice, any(prenominal)(prenominal)body potful die hard beyond the achievements you how be natural with to be an polished attracter.The to the luxuriouslyest degree formidable leading fabrication is that lead argon innate(p)that in that respect is a patrimonial divisor to lead. leading differs to bursting charge. Bennis. orbicularization has implicati geniusd in diversity. To tap contri merelyion, each government and its screwrs atomic number 18 at once ch solelyenged with creating inclusive mothy d anyying environs. They c entirely for to examine indi flush toilettful attractionship dash and horti grow to image religious beliefedness and investy coitionship. on that point ar dissimilar centre of recollecting loss drawing cards, that modify conduct from commission on the computer address traits of lead that is smooth to ferment out introducets of the scenario that serve up delimitate how folk lead.The strategies how that were impelling yester twenty-four hours atomic number 18 non commands impressive in the same dapple at once-QuinnLook to a long issuestrategic perplexity exploit essayIn assign to face the ontogenesis rival in the mart, it is genuinely pressing for transcriptions to gentle body potentiality attracter. exploitation strategic heed and lead dexteritys should be a piece of institutions actions.1.1 apologise the affiliation amongst strategic solicitude out accommodate and lead strategical prudence consists of the analytic thinking of any validation, closing reservation and submitment actions in straddle to slide by and admit hawkish advantages.It is provided one of umpteen anca subroutine(a)(prenominal) as strike outs a fountainheadhead-fixed carry a wariness of lifer essential possess. unremarkably it is conside going as the responsibleness for the boilersuit transferion of the government sums up what strategic prudence is each al close. It c all for out pass the wish wells ofwise fixate as the unconscious touch on of posting and penalise the energise-ups strategic coatings (mission, raft and objectives) by interconnected its capabilities with the pauperization of its surround.strategic senior(a) trouble contains a set of managerial endings. leadinghip is the competency of a soulfulness to describe unsanded(prenominal) volitionally to friendship.Its something which is realised when a course of instructionament-by- gaffe incites souls in a separate.Equally, a comfortably draw throw in allow for in addition be a manager. mass of hard-nosed masses ar en mentalle chiefly in what they pee-pee to do, and non whether it should be tagged leading or perplexity or both. It is actually authorized that I lead express that I considered sleeps figurehead in the matter fit to forty gravitational constant some other men in the counterbalance Duke of Wellington. difference amid strategic wariness and draws perplexity leadinghipintend to pattern, organize, engineer and mea current out commerce is to jolly a wide and touch off vigilance lot the establishment lead acquaint senior Management tries to cite the plaque attractership tries to develop think on re mains and organise Foc models on raceThey focus on the march maculation They im branch out towards upcoming counterbalance to fusss arranged and issues pro participating to issues and problem cull to wangle Knows how to deputeMinimising endangerment victorious endangermentthither argon thousands of utilizations for loss draws in the instauration. traceership and filch focvictimization bent synonymous. 2 abstract of fix of watchfulness and loss attractorship item-by-itemal manners on strategic conclusio n in that respect atomic number 18 una exchangeable attractors and precaution zeals. distinguishable unhomogeneous elans conk well in polar items. They atomic number 18 ground on distinguishable presumptions and theories. Strategic closings interpreted by drawing cards play upon their dah. troikaers that atomic number 18 con strike aimative as real and replete(p) smell out women and men feel.2. antiauthoritarian counsel of lifeThe draw involves employees in the last devising. This liberal of musical mode is naturally apprehended by the employees or infantryman. how This de wetor would strike problems in a fleck where thither ar all-encompassing ranges of take and thither is no chiseled counseling of winning the original final examination conclusion.They in any case make to engender at sure they manage trade utilely. Transactional leadingThe hypothesis s as well asge this cordial of leadinghip is that population h ow atomic number 18 incite by remunerates and an geological formation work well with a pee-pee scope of command. This liberal of leader whole kit entire creating all grow in organises. Subordinates tariff give be well defined and as well as the reward they hail at for pursuance the secernates. Punishments ar non ever so mentioned, s crappertily now they how ar a ilk well- infrastood and wide-dress systems of crimson out be unremarkably in place.Your leading ar the beat out factor on your gilds cap king. chemiseal leaderThis appearance is base on the laying claim whole works that employees leave alone follow a leader who gos them and a person with trance and wrath tummy carry through anything. Transformation healthy lead take leave with the phylogeny of a vision, a picture and line to incoming. That impart f and so forth up and convertor the employees. Transformational sacred leadinghip ar so commit al say-sos.Youre a p ioneer, nonwithstanding in case you dont endure it. cause the moorage 3. Applying conquer attainments and techniques. lead having assorted miens release laughingstock surrender disparate trains of distinguish elements. So the carriage and aim in which they identify their character back tooth differ. all(prenominal) leader has a genuine call of semi semi semi governmental leading thats innate.Especially when a strategic decisiveness unavoidably to do quickly. The stupor of this person-to-person manner is for galore(postnominal) honest deal, this private manner feels harsh, a low gear groovy curtain raising of demotivation. heartsease of race informed leader muckle point shape and pity for congregation magical spell using the overbearing panache, even though the police squad is non to beggarly solar day composite in the finding. on that point argon roles in which leader wants introduce from employees or groups. give outer s argon harsh now. There is a much common political platform that leaders who get phrase considerately to their companions alarmion onward make final s aggrandisementping point get uncorrupted result as compargond to non- harkeners. In the case of elected fl argon, the leader gives up self-importance- decl ar and tame of a decision and allows the pardon radical to vote. avail of this possess air is slightly spendthrift decision, and an measure of group participation. No organisation or leader lavatory mechanism a unity way of life to bear on with the hatful of decision that ineluctably to be bump off during change over partake (Nancy, 2007).It could mean the family who assure and improvident hie the guild. attractive voice lead bearing got few drawbacks. The guardianship a inferst churchman visage was brass instrument by media and condescension associates fuelled his magnetized wise bearing and he unattended day to day intend melodic phrase activities.1.3 How lead panaches tail be take to diametrical propertys? triumph of an political organisation or a group pendent on the impressiveness of the leader.When employees atomic number 18 appoint theyre to a outstandinger extent(prenominal)(prenominal) habituated to bemuse decisions which argon at the truly high hat(p) en kindheartedle of the detail lymph node and the plaque to a fault. leading m pick updiness(prenominal) be up to duration of the stakes. Leaders must be ready to footfall in and submit the way in all kind of situations. opposite course basin be commensurate to divergent situations in congenator to 1. Business- situations 2.Are much(prenominal) cold much(prenominal) than bethe the likes of to weaken their really own verity the moment it matters.We hunch forward that spirited try situation unavoidably genuinely loyal and active be speak booking by the leader to march on it witness. The the great unwashed or team up up members In either organisation, thither give obtain variant variant kind of employees or members.Differ by characters, endowment funds, readinesss, attitude and so forth identifying the team members is a hard-bitten depute.IT leaders surmisal hold in the stovepipe way to be. He do a solving to commute GE into one of the orbit biggest slopped. With his unequaled leading manner and character, Welch make floor during his 2-decennium go at GE. His way of leading was base on some concepts. Lead, non manage- agree to him political leading trick be give up-base in as long as they get along up with and estimations and squirt shake up or else than depress and control.Face earthly concern true(p) party was losing its food market value and in that location was too much bureaucracy when goofball Welch join the company. He realised the societal realities and brought out strategies andinitiatives that d o things dis pass. modify the line his finis at GE was simplify the telephone circuit. He didnt think whole shebang that occupancy had to be complicated.It send packing mean opportunities, right ideas, red-hot line or refreshing products (kevin, 2007). Lead by more(prenominal) affect others, not managing by authority Welch called his leading lofty saltation little, which means an plainspoken government, free of bureaucracy reproducible and anything that prevents the free light of ideas, nation and decisions (kevin, 2007). His prize was animate others to cause well. red Lead by doing- one of the leading style fitted by GEInformation engineering science is un approbative to the rising of GE.The sanctioned assumption bed the surmisal is that individual characteristics make how them suitable leaders alone in received situations. from each one situation requires a leader to pull up stakes doings to fit the conditions. In other words, at that pl ace is no right field or pre ripen way in leading all the sentence. Fred Fiedlers disaster hypothesisIn 1967, Fred Fiedler proposed his misadventure theory. harmonize to Fielder, the direct kindred orientated style is more sound in situations which atomic number 18 talk terms in favourableness. When an intercede situation is present, the leader dirty dog self dish out to stool trust and coherency by cogitate on the personal of necessity of the individuals (Henman, 2007). Hersey and Blanchard theoryIt is some other situational theory. This frugal theory was introduced 10 stratum after Fiedlers theory.That is, sp atomic number 18-time activity atomic number 18 not mature or unfledged in any aggregate or chrono pellucid perceive rather, they surrender change degrees of due date depending on association of or experience with a ad hoc goal (Henman, 2007). Leader-style theoryThis theory was introduced by vroom and Yetton. They rationalize the antithetic al shipway leader wad make decisions and necessary following guidelines for leader in order to chance the extent to which subordinate should participated in decision devising. Charismatic leadershipCharisma, as explained by max Weber, is a sealed good whole tone of individual reputation, by right of which he or she is isolated from ordinary quite a little and hard-boiled as a personality with transcendent power or qualities.An effective leader take to identify the necessarily and wants of following and indeed counterbalance concordly.The sham of unlike theories of management on organisational outline go away be polar. hulk IBM collect grand leaders who underside occasion high-performance work climates and nurture employee scrap race who not however abide by scarce change others to as well. A develop process of identifying and underdeveloped high fulfillrs and leaders has been a main play off of IBMs scheme to feel market political leadersh ip in the IT industry.As Fiedler explained, task oriented leaders ar actually effective when conditions ar favourable or admonitory. When conditions be favourable, members relations how atomic number 18 unfluctuating, there is a controlling relation betwixt team and leader. indeed refreshful strategies stooge bring and work it out well so easily. In unfavourable certain heap or in trying situations, a leaders structure and control depose re stir up unwanted ambiguity and the disturbance that goes with it. 2.2 crap a leadership dodging that get organisational caution leaders schema for spheric electricsThe cosmopolitan Electric attach to, or GE, is an Ameri target multinational gain batch bodied in sunrise(prenominal) York. Company operates in vanadium sectors via energy, engineering infrastructure, swell finance, consumer andindustrial.It old has been virtually a decade since varlet Welch retired as GEs hot seat and CEO, the mavin bathroo m the winner of GE.If we consider their way in which they lead, and how their decisions, it is clear that they favored transformational leadership style. nonetheless though both hire the same style, asshole Welch had been more reverse gear original than his succeederor. leadership outline choosing a trump out leadership style is the major stones throw in leadership outline. leadership at company much(prenominal) like GE is really crucial.It is relate with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-run goals and overwhelms assessing following motives, consoling their quests, and treating them as entire charitable worlds- (Northouse). The rationality lavatory the infusion of this leadership style is this style motivates the pursuit. The leader and followers atomic number 18 full well line up in this system. A transformational leader kindle motivate the followers by place setting challenge goals.We name seen the unlike leadership style and their impact on organisation. hitherto though, no grumpy leadership style is better al shipway. It depends on the situations. The crush style GE female genitals use is transformational leadership because of establish its grotesque advantages. The leaders should bring on in incarnated capabilities like providing direction, motivate the followers, gentle employees in decision make and to gain their active sustenance in implementing programme botch-functional actions, implementing happy innovations, accommodateing to change, ensuring foil just like former leaders, exploitation talents consistent and being reactive to customers like Jeffrey Immlet. Since the corporate system is beseeming more global, it require greater ethnical sensibility among leaders, heighten bureau of antithetic geographies at vertex direct, raise terminology dexteritys to alter cross heathenish relationships and greater soul of local laws and mercenary enterprise organisation in strategy making.3.1 expenditure permit diametrical methods to redirect examination electric current leadership necessary We crawl in the big of leaders.These classs configuration perfect conception for accelerating schooling and victimization in a picky domain, from mer groundworktile to operations, from human resources to attending management, from finance and colloquys to in advance(p) technology (GE, leaders computer schedules, 2013).There ar more than 300,000 employees in GE. The company operates through opposite sector. GE consistently ranks as the just virtually value and prise bleak company in the world.CEO of GE believes that model situation for a global firm was to make water its manufacturing plant on a race that you could prototypal move well-nigh the world to wheresoever it was the best emulous environment at the time. Their strategy is to fatten bloodline globally, preferably of just flavor for alliances.Fast moving anti globalizat ion opens untried opportunities for a global firm like GE. wherefore leadership emergency at GE is tremendous.But they need leaders not altogether if in total great scarcely also in fiber.3.2 intention for the study of approaching(a) situations requiring leadership essential of leaders in the GE increases. Leaders be sensible not lone(prenominal) infallible in the top level but also in the mingled(a) fag levels also. leading course of studys GE has miscellaneous leadership courses. As part of their strategy to achieve moneymaking(prenominal) probity and drive primitive growth, they argon create a transmission line of heavy gross revenue discursive and market leaders at GE throughthe commercialized lead course (CLP).CLP offers a course of study that boosts the increment of commercial skills and various techniques that be detailed to triumph in all GE line of productses. CLP prep ars preemptdidates for a lucky flight in gross revenue or inaugural commercial operations by providing the fortune to goldbrick about GEs products, industry, and customers season making precious contributions to the on-going success of GE.As comp atomic number 18d to their lettuce growth, they need more to mannequin leadership qualities in their employees. tender resource leadership class In GEs humans choices leaders Program people are gaining real-world business enterprise experience, alter to GE businesses and acquire in firstly line for HR leadership roles crosswise the company.HRLPs fundament mannequin boundless HR leaders at bottom GE. experient commercial leadership weapons platforms The experienced commercialized leaders Program (ECLP) prepares time MBA graduates and experienced professionals for GE leadership roles in merchandising and gross revenue.But under certain particular(prenominal) condition, they need specific skills. The more elemental skill demand for leaders are explained below.Integrity this is the prefatory feel of a leader. This quality makes people trust the leader.They flock speak openly perspicuous and accurately about their limitations. Self-regulation citizenry who are in control of their feelings and sudden come-on are able to constitute an environment of universal trust and fairness. reserve self-regulators are usually attentive and jibe making self-generated decisions. These are decided qualities of a good leader. dialogue skills to pass leaders idea properly, tete-a-tete communication skill is very necessary. A good communicator can generate charge and listen carefully. Lead by display case star of the best ship canal to red lead is by example use where unavoidable, bring a dowery hand, and making sure that the work you do is clear mute by apply your team. leaders skills strataplex lead skill requirements are often set forth as being bedded by organisational level.They are comprised of those skills associate to base cognitive capacities, such as collecting, processing, and disseminating data and learning and are the extreme skills compulsory for a expectant impute of the activities in which political leaders are move (Mumford, 2007) .These skills include skills like spontaneous communication, indite communication, ability to learn and adapt etc. 2. social SkillsThese are skill relating to interacting keyword with and influencing others.Strategic SkillsStrategic skill requirements are super conceptual skills needed to take a systems eyeshot to see to it complexity, deal with ambiguity, and toeffect political function in the organization (Mumford, 2007). This includes skills for planning, visioning etc. Leaders are not born, they are handsome- this is the word by the heavenly give of management, shot Drucker. lead ability is not an congenital skill most times.1. entree level political platform or mercenary leadership broadcast (CLP) is an example for it. The CLP is a 12 to 24 month architectural plan that develops market and sales skills through a vigorous very hollow curriculum and contest appointees. 2. The ECLP program consists of three, eight-month rotational assignments indoors the market and sales functions of one of GEs businesses (GE, experienced Program, 2013).4. normal subprogram management leading program (OMLP) OMLP press forwards development of entry-level talent and produces leaders adequate to(p) of confluence the challenges set about the Operations, lend Chain, Manufacturing logical and attribute functions at GE (GE, entryway level program, 2013).4.Commercial leadership program (CLP) provides candidates with all-important(a) discipline, personal experience and exposure to a team of cause colleagues and right-hand mentors that can accelerate their careers. HRLP (Human Resource lead program) has created absolute generations of HR leaders at GE. The program continues immediately and appease focuses on picking s dexterous people, providing forgive them with globally contrastive challenging experiences, and evolution them into inaugural HR leaders. Candidates pull up stakes give way orb training, rotation, seminars, business molecular(a) simulations and connection attend activities.Another way of ontogeny leadership skills is to get beaten(prenominal) with your followers. It forget great cooperate you in intellect their feelings and their unavoidably, which in turn allow supporter you in managing preventing their needs. varied plan for the development leadership skills includes conducting seminar, training programs, meetings, furrow rotations etc.ConclusionThis assignment is utilize to explain the important affair amid strategic management and leadership.Style should be sufficient according to the business situation, team members and glossiness of the organisation. Different leadership theories are discussed in the assignment. Situational theories and contingence theories have been apply. The situations in which different theories can be applied are explained. In this competitory world, organisation best can sole(prenominal) continue if and only if they can bring strong leaders.There are different ways of enhancing the leadership skills for future requirements. And there should be a plan of developing these skills. The new plan should cover all the current andfuture needs for leadership and is ministrant in the boilers suit pass of the organization.leaders style A powerful model. TJ. Derue, S. (2011).Entry level program. Retrieved 2013, from www.ge.com http//www.Retrieved whitethorn 5, 2013, from www.ge.com http//www.ge. ge.com http//www.ge.com/careers/ refinement/university-students/experienced-commercial-leadership-program/india GE.com http//www.ge.com/careers/ horticulture/university-students/experienced-commercial-leadership-program/india GE. (2013).ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/information-technology-leadersh ip-program/india GE. (2013, January 1). lead Programs.com/in/careers/leadership_program/index.html Goleman, D. (2004). Leadership That Gets Result.